CHAPTER 1003 - RESERVE COMPONENTS GENERALLY
Title 10 > CHAPTER 1003
Sections (33)
§ 10101 Reserve components named
The reserve components of the armed forces are: The Army National Guard of the United States. The Army Reserve. The Navy Reserve. The Marine Corps Reserve. The Air National Guard of the United States. The Air Force Reserve. The Coast Guard Reserve. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 ; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, § 515(b)(1)(Z) , Jan. 6, 2006 , 119 Stat. 3233 .)
§ 10102 Purpose of reserve components
The purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 ; amended Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, § 511 , Oct. 28, 2004 , 118 Stat. 1877 .)
§ 10102a Deployment prioritization and readiness of Army components
(a) Deployment Prioritization.— The Secretary of the Army shall maintain a system for identifying the priority of deployment for units of all components of the Army.
(b) Deployability Readiness Rating.— The Secretary of the Army shall maintain a readiness rating system for units of all components of the Army that provides an accurate assessment of the deployability of a unit and those shortfalls of a unit that require the provision of additional resources. The system shall ensure— that the personnel readiness rating of a unit reflects— both the percentage of the overall personnel requirement of the unit that is manned and deployable and the fill and deployability rate for critical occupational specialties necessary for the unit to carry out its basic mission requirements; and the number of personnel in the unit who are qualified in their primary military occupational specialty; and that the equipment readiness assessment of a unit— documents all equipment required for deployment; reflects only that equipment that is directly possessed by the unit; specifies the effect of substitute items; and assesses the effect of missing components and sets on the readiness of major equipment items.
§ 10103 Basic policy for order into Federal service
Whenever Congress determines that more units and organizations are needed for the national security than are in the regular components of the ground and air forces, the Army National Guard of the United States and the Air National Guard of the United States, or such parts of them as are needed, together with units of other reserve components necessary for a balanced force, shall be ordered to active duty and retained as long as so needed. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 ; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1501(b)(2)(A) , Feb. 10, 1996 , 110 Stat. 495 .)
§ 10104 Army Reserve: composition
The Army Reserve includes all Reserves of the Army who are not members of the Army National Guard of the United States. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 .)
§ 10105 Army National Guard of the United States: composition
The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Army that consists of— federally recognized units and organizations of the Army National Guard; and members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of the Army. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 .)
“SEC. 1101 SHORT TITLE.
“This title may be cited as the ‘Army National Guard Combat Readiness Reform Act of 1992’.
“SEC. 1111 PRIOR ACTIVE-DUTY PERSONNEL.
(“(a) Additional Prior Active Duty Officers.— The Secretary of the Army shall increase the number of qualified prior active-duty officers in the Army National Guard by providing a program that permits the separation of officers on active duty with at least two, but less than three, years of active service upon condition that the officer is accepted for appointment in the Army National Guard. The Secretary shall have a goal of having not fewer than 150 officers become members of the Army National Guard each year under this section.
(“(b) Additional Prior Active Duty Enlisted Members.— The Secretary of the Army shall increase the number of qualified prior active-duty enlisted members in the Army National Guard through the use of enlistments as described in section 8020 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1994 ( Public Law 103–139 ) [ 107 Stat. 1441 ]. The Secretary shall enlist not fewer than 1,000 new enlisted members each year under enlistments described in that section.
(“(c) Qualified Prior Active-Duty Personnel.— For purposes of this section, qualified prior active-duty personnel are members of the Army National Guard with not less than two years of active duty.
“SEC. 1112 SERVICE IN SELECTED RESERVE IN LIEU OF ACTIVE-DUTY SERVICE.
(“(a) Academy Graduates and Distinguished ROTC Graduates To Serve in Selected Reserve for Period of Active-duty Service Obligation Not Served on Active Duty.— An officer who is a graduate of one of the service academies or who was commissioned as a distinguished Reserve Officers’ Training Corps graduate and who is permitted to be released from active duty before the completion of the active-duty service obligation applicable to that officer shall serve the remaining period of such active-duty service obligation as a member of the Selected Reserve. The Secretary concerned may waive paragraph (1) in a case in which the Secretary determines that there is no unit position available for the officer.
(“(b) ROTC Graduates.— The Secretary of the Army shall provide a program under which graduates of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program may perform their minimum period of obligated service by a combination of (A) two years of active duty, and (B) such additional period of service as is necessary to complete the remainder of such obligation, to be served in the Selected Reserve.
“[SEC. 1113
Repealed. Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, § 520 , Dec. 20, 2019 , 133 Stat. 1351 .]
“SEC. 1114 NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS.
(“(a) Nonwaivability.— Any standard prescribed by the Secretary of the Army establishing a military education requirement for noncommissioned officers that must be met as a requirement for promotion to a higher noncommissioned officer grade may be waived only if the Secretary determines that the waiver is necessary in order to preserve unit leadership continuity under combat conditions.
(“(b) Availability of Training Positions.— The Secretary of the Army shall ensure that there are sufficient training positions available to enable compliance with subsection (a).
“SEC. 1115 INITIAL ENTRY TRAINING AND NONDEPLOYABLE PERSONNEL ACCOUNT.
(“(a) Establishment of Personnel Account.— The Secretary of the Army shall establish a personnel accounting category for members of the Army Selected Reserve to be used for categorizing members of the Selected Reserve who have not completed the minimum training required for deployment or who are otherwise not available for deployment. The account shall be designed so that it is compatible with the decentralized personnel systems of the Army Guard and Reserve. The account shall be used for the reporting of personnel readiness and may not be used as a factor in establishing the level of Army Guard and Reserve force structure.
(“(b) Use of Account.— Until a member of the Army Selected Reserve has completed the minimum training necessary for deployment, the member may not be assigned to fill a position in a Selected Reserve unit but shall be carried in the account established under subsection (a).
(“(c) Time for Qualification for Deployment.— If at the end of 24 months after a member of the Army Selected Reserve enters the Army Selected Reserve, the member has not completed the minimum training required for deployment, the member shall be discharged. The Secretary of the Army may waive the requirement in paragraph (1) in the case of health care providers and in other cases determined necessary. The authority to make such a waiver may not be delegated.
“SEC. 1116 MINIMUM PHYSICAL DEPLOYABILITY STANDARDS.
“The Secretary of the Army shall transfer the personnel classification of a member of the Army Selected Reserve from the Selected Reserve unit of the member to the personnel account established pursuant to section 1115 if the member does not meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment. Any such transfer shall be made not later than 90 days after the date on which the determination that the member does not meet such standards is made. “[SECS. 1117, 1118. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, § 704(b) , Feb. 10, 1996 , 110 Stat. 372 .]
“SEC. 1119 COMBAT UNIT TRAINING.
“The Secretary of the Army shall establish a program to minimize the post-mobilization training time required for combat units of the Army National Guard. The program shall require— that unit premobilization training emphasize— individual soldier qualification and training; collective training and qualification at the crew, section, team, and squad level; and maneuver training at the platoon level as required of all Army units; and that combat training for command and staff leadership include annual multi-echelon training to develop battalion, brigade, and division level skills, as appropriate.
“SEC. 1120 USE OF COMBAT SIMULATORS.
“The Secretary of the Army shall expand the use of simulations, simulators, and advanced training devices and technologies in order to increase training opportunities for members and units of the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.
“[SEC. 1121
Repealed. Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title III, § 321(b) , Dec. 23, 2016 , 130 Stat. 2075 .]
“SEC. 1122 INSPECTIONS.
“SEC. 1131 ACTIVE DUTY ASSOCIATE UNIT RESPONSIBILITY.
(“(a) Associate Units.— The Secretary of the Army shall require— that each ground combat maneuver brigade of the Army National Guard that (as determined by the Secretary) is essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy be associated with an active-duty combat unit; and that combat support and combat service support units of the Army Selected Reserve that (as determined by the Secretary) are essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy be associated with active-duty units.
(“(b) Responsibilities.— The commander (at a brigade or higher level) of the associated active duty unit for any National Guard unit or Army Selected Reserve unit that (as determined by the Secretary under subsection (a)) is essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy shall be responsible for— approving the training program of that unit; reviewing the readiness report of that unit; assessing the manpower, equipment, and training resources requirements of that unit; and validating, not less often than annually, the compatibility of that unit with the active duty forces.
(“(c) Implementation.— The Secretary of the Army shall begin to implement subsection (a) during fiscal year 1993 and shall achieve full implementation of the plan not later than October 1, 1995 .
“SEC. 1132 TRAINING COMPATIBILITY.
“SEC. 1133 SYSTEMS COMPATIBILITY.
(“(a) Compatibility Program.— The Secretary of the Army shall develop and implement a program to ensure that Army personnel systems, Army supply systems, Army maintenance management systems, and Army finance systems are compatible across all Army components.
(“(b) Report.— Not later than September 30, 1993 , the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report describing the program under subsection (a) and setting forth a plan for implementation of the program by the end of fiscal year 1997.
“SEC. 1134 EQUIPMENT COMPATIBILITY.
“[SEC. 1135
Repealed. Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title III, § 321(b) , Dec. 23, 2016 , 130 Stat. 2075 .]
“SEC. 1136 QUALIFICATION FOR PRIOR-SERVICE ENLISTMENT BONUS.
“SEC. 1137 STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION FOR ALL RESERVE COMPONENTS.
“The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment of the feasibility of implementing the provisions of this title for all reserve components. Not later than December 31, 1993 , the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing a plan for such implementation.”
§ 10106 Army National Guard: when a component of the Army
The Army National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Army. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2970 .)
§ 10107 Army National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service
When not on active duty, members of the Army National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Army National Guard. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)
§ 10108 Navy Reserve: administration
(a) The Navy Reserve is the reserve component of the Navy. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Chief of Naval Operations.
(b) The bureaus and offices of the executive part of the Department of the Navy have the same relation and responsibility to the Navy Reserve as they do to the Regular Navy.
§ 10109 Marine Corps Reserve: administration
(a) The Marine Corps Reserve is the reserve component of the Marine Corps. It shall be organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
(b) The departments and offices of Headquarters, Marine Corps have the same relation and responsibilities to the Marine Corps Reserve as they do to the Regular Marine Corps.
§ 10110 Air Force Reserve: composition
The Air Force Reserve is a reserve component of the Air Force to provide a reserve for active duty. It consists of the members of the officers’ section of the Air Force Reserve and of the enlisted section of the Air Force Reserve. It includes all Reserves of the Air Force who are not members of the Air National Guard of the United States. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)
§ 10111 Air National Guard of the United States: composition
The Air National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Air Force that consists of— federally recognized units and organizations of the Air National Guard; and members of the Air National Guard who are also Reserves of the Air Force. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)
§ 10112 Air National Guard: when a component of the Air Force
The Air National Guard while in the service of the United States is a component of the Air Force. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)
§ 10113 Air National Guard of the United States: status when not in Federal service
When not on active duty, members of the Air National Guard of the United States shall be administered, armed, equipped, and trained in their status as members of the Air National Guard. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)
§ 10114 Coast Guard Reserve
As provided in section 701 1 of title 14, the Coast Guard Reserve is a component of the Coast Guard and is organized, administered, trained, and supplied under the direction of the Commandant of the Coast Guard. Laws applicable to the Coast Guard Reserve are set forth in chapter 21 1 of title 14 ( 14 U.S.C. 701 et seq.). (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1661(a)(1) , Oct. 5, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2971 .)